Notes for Early Newfoundland Vessels & Voyages

Includes associated Notes. An attempt to find early Newfoundland voyages pre-dating Lloyd’s Lists and Registers has resulted in this file.
A benchmark of sorts, which may be a reference for deeper research.

Endnotes:

Bill of Exchange, dated Harbour Grace, Oct 10, 1744, forty days sight, draft by George Garland for George Butler, executor to James Butler, deceased, to Mrs. Mary Collas for 5 Pounds. "To Messrs. Richard Farr's Son, [Joseph]Jones & [Henry]Rogers, Executors to Captain [John]Davis' Estate.

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Rhode Island roots - v. 18, no. 2 (June 1992) ( Image 27. Page count of 32. ) Rhode Island Roots - Volumes 16-19 - 1990. Page 59.

(6:93) Bill of Exchange - George Augustus Pynn on Jacob Thrall for Benjamin Mason. Musketta, 4 August, 1755.

(6:93) Bill of Exchange - Philip Payne on Ludlow & Cailleteau for Benjamin Mason. Harbour Grace, 16 August, 1755.

(6:93) Bill of Exchange - Thomas Power on George Fitzgerald for Benjamin Mason. Harbour Grace, 5 August, 1755.

Bill of Exchange & Certificates, John Crandige [ of Chatham, Kent, Purser of HMS Lenox of 70 Guns ] on Navy Commissioners for William Richards, St. John's, Newfoundland, 20 August, 1747.

*And other Bills of exchange per these journals.

*?Benjamin Mason (1729-1775), a Newport, Rhode Island, merchant, and slave trader, with his own ships? Of Baptist persuasion.

*A 70 Gun British warship very rarely, would have visited St. John's. In this case on a voyage to the Spanish Caribbean.

*It is seen how Newfoundland folk, used American merchants to create Currency.

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*History of Newfoundland: ... Charles Pedley · 1863. Page 96. "that George Tobyn, master of the "St. Patrick" brig, had threatened the life of Philip Payne, merchant, ... to bid defiance to the English and Jersey men of this Harbour, ... T. Burnett.

https://www2.grenfell.mun.ca/nfld_history/letterbook/GN2-1-A-2.htm

*248 29 Sept 1755 From: Gov. Dorrill (St. John's) To: Phillip Payne (Harbour Grace) Ordered to pay the wages of the servants of Clement Butler. ( ? Clement and Butler? *Dr. Keith Matthews Name file. )

*252 15 Sept 1755 Thomas Burnett (Harbour Grace) George and Charles Garland Esq (Harbour Grace) Directions on issuing a fine to George Tobyn, Master of the St. Patrick Brigg for threatening the life of Phillip Payne.

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Reference: PROB 11/769/446. Description: Will of Philip Cailleteau, Mariner now bound to Sea of London. Date: 06 May 1749.

Bound to Sea in the merchant ship "Speedwell". Will made on Oct 29, 1746. Nephew of Pierre/Peter Calleteau. Of Southampton. Philip's only issue was a daughter, Mary Cailleteau. His Uncle Peter/Pierre Cailleteau, became Guardian of Philip's daughter Mary. Probate granted to Elizabeth Allen, Spinster.

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Reference: PROB 11/837/464. Description: Will of Peter Cailleteau, Merchant of Southampton, Hampshire. Date: 30 May 1758.

Of the French Protestant Church at Southampton. Names Wife Esther Caileteau. Names daughters Mary, Lucy, and Esther Cailleteau. Esther is the wife of William Daman, and named as sole executrix.

*Surname spelling variations = Calliteau, Cailleteau, Calleteau. >Callitier.

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Edmund Ludlow Esq. ( July 10, 1714 - Feb 28, 1787 ) of Southampton, wed Sarah Bodicate.

A son Edmund Ludlow born Aug 7, 1745, Southampton wed Elizabeth Briggs in 1772.

A grandson Edmund Ludlow ( Nov 9, 1776 - Nov 25, 1854 ) wed Elizabeth Villeneuve born July 26, 1772.

Edmund Ludlow Esq. ( July 10, 1714 - Feb 28, 1787 ) of Southampton, wed Sarah Bodicate.

A son Edmund Ludlow born Aug 7, 1745, Southampton wed Elizabeth Briggs in 1772.

A grandson Edmund Ludlow ( Nov 9, 1776 - Nov 25, 1854 ) wed Elizabeth Villeneuve born July 26, 1772.

*Edmund Ludlow, Mayor of Southampton, 1758 & 1768.

Channel Islands names can be seen among the mayors of Southampton, variously.

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REGISTRE DE L'EGLISE WALLONNE DE SOUTHAMPTON.

Publication of The Huguenot Society of London. Volume 5. Lymington, 1890.

Baptemes : Oct 17, 1682. Edouard, fils d'Edouard Snow.

May 11, 1684. Guillaume, fils de Edouard Snowe. Parrain MM. Dauuerne et De Ste. Croix et Mrs De Veusle. ( MM ?Monsieur? )

Nov 11, 1687. Edouard, fils d'Edouard Snowe. Parrain Mr Thomas Guillaume et Mrs Heaume.

Aug 11, 1701. James, ne 3 semaines et 5 jours auparavant, fils d'Edward Snow, matire de barque, et Marie Haumes, demt, paroisse de St. Michel. Parrain, Le Sr Aron Deveule, marchand de cette ville, et D(lle)[ contraction, lle superscripted ] Anne Jones, femme du Sr Philipe Deveule.

April 8, 1700. Pierre Calleteau, fils de Jeremie C., merchant, et de Jeanne Beluteau, du bourg de Segonzac en Xaintonge, et Louise Lys fille de Pierre Lys marchand, et d'Elizabeth Sorre, de I'sle de Rhe.

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PCC Admon of John Snow of Southampton. "On the twenty sixth day [ January, 1764 ], Administration of all and singular the Goods Chattels and Credits of John Snow, late of the Town and County of Southampton, a Widower deceased, was granted to Edward Snow, the Nephew and next of Kin of the said deceased, he having been first Sworn by Commission duly to administer."

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( The early Dawe land claim at Ship Cove, Port de Grave, in Newfoundland, appears to be a land grant, “more probably” given by a Naval Commodore, or his surrogate, to Ann Daw in 1755. Governor Richard Dorrill, in “HMS Penzance” of 40 Guns, or his surrogate Thomas Burnett, may have instituted this grant of land. ) Would any English material reference to this Ship Cove grant of Land in 1755, have survived? For the record, a source to check would be: ADM 80/121 Book of Orders and Proclamations by Governors of New-foundland.

*Another possible source to check is: Newfoundland - Colonial Secretary's Letterbook GN2/1/A, Vol. 2 (1752-1758). Held in Newfoundland repositories.

https://www2.grenfell.mun.ca/nfld_history/letterbook/GN2-1-A-2.htm

250. Proceedings for Thomas Burnett Esq appointed by Governor Dorrill his Deputy or Surrogate. ( Or pages other than 250? )

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Harbour Grace minute book, 1787. September 10, 1736. John Snow & John Varder, witnesses to a deed at Port de Grave.

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Colonial Letter book, Vol 2. 1755. Humble Petition of the Principal Traders and inhabitants of Harbour Grace: Signed: Nicholas Tynt, Stephen Whittle ( ?Bristol? ), William Dawson, Philip Payne ( ?St. Helier, Jersey? ), Nick Juer ( ?Gosport? ), Edward Coombs ( ?Jersey? ), Thomas Parsons, Robert Andrews ( ?Lympstone?/?Kenton? ), Michael Stretch ( ?Bristol? ), Henry Withers ( Bristol? ), Mary Martin, Edward Snow ( Jersey ), William Martin, Francis Sheppard ( ?Milton Abbas, Dorset? ), John Martin.

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*"Carolina Merchant", Stephen Whittle, in 1740. Bristol to South Carolina.

*Stephen Whittle, Shipmaster of the "Brockley", Snow, Bristol to South Carolina, 1742. Also 1745. *Also the "Cranfield", Stephen Whittle.

*Lloyd's List, Oct 27, 1741, edition. Arrived at Lisbon, from Carolina, the vessel "Brockley", Captain Jennings.

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London, July 22, 1762. Extract of a Letter from Teignmouth, near Exon, July 18.

"This day came in here two small Vessels from St. John's last from Conception Bay in Newfoundland; they bring the disagreeable News that five Sail of French Men of War put into the Bay of Bulls the 25th or 26th of last Month, from which place they marched some Troops to St. John's, where they arrived the 27th; the inhabitants of St. John's having some Information of this, did, with the greatest part of the Crew of the Gramont Man of War, who were then in the Harbour, retired into the Garrison, which had then upwards of 1000 Men in it, Inhabitants included. The Masters of these two Vessels report, that they, with several others, sailed from St. John's the 25th past, bound to the Banks; but that having some Intelligence of the above French Ships, they put into Petty Harbour, where they found the Houses entirely deserted; that on the 27th, from the Hills, between Petty Harbour and St. John's, they saw the French march up to the Garrison, supposed to be In Number about 1000, and lend a Flag of Truce, which they repassed several Times; that after about two Hours, they saw the English march out, and soon after the Colours were taken down, and French Colours were hoisted, without a Gun being fired on either Side; upon the approach of the French, the few Men that were left on board the Gramont threw over her Guns, and ran the Ship upon the Rocks. These two Vessels then sailed for Conception Bay, where they found the Fishermen in the utmost Confusion, leaving their Effects, and endeavouring to embark in the first Vessels they could meet with, of whom these Vessels have brought over about 150, and have only had 18 Days passage Home."

Letter from Justice [ Michael ] Gill of St. John's, to Justice Garland, at Harbour Grace. St. John's, June 29 1762. Mr. Garland, "I received yours of Yesterday; on Sunday last the French took possession of the Garrison, and the Inhabitants are to be Prisoners during the War, and the General has promised that we shall be secure in our Possessions and Effects, which is the Terms of our Capitulation. This is all I know at present, and am, Sir, yours, etc." Signed: Mich Gill.

Copy of the French General's Orders. We Count d'Hauson Ville, French General, do declare to all the Inhabitants of Newfoundland, that the French Grenadiers landed on the said Island shall not do them any harm, but will protect them if they do not take up Arms, and will supply us with Necessaries; we enjoin them expressly, as well as their Justices of Peace, and principal Planters, not to leave their Houses or Settlements, neither to defend themselves: If they do any thing against the said Declaration, they shall be used according to the Laws of War. Signed: Le Compte d'Hauson Ville. St. John's, June 26, 1762.

*July, 1762. The Trinity Bay vessels/Captains: "John", William Hewlett; "Royal Charlotte", Samuel Coward; "Dolphin", John Warren; and "Rebeccah", Thomas Brocking, sailed for Poole. Prior to taking their Lading of Cod/Train Oil. Upon learning the French had landed at Bay Bulls, and taken St. John's.

*Boston Gazette, August 9, 1762. We Hear a Snow is arrived at Cape Anne with 150 Passengers on board from Newfoundland.

*Colonial Records. Oct 24, 1762. Henry Webber Jr went to New England. ( Dr. Keith Matthews: Henry Webber name file. )

*The Genealogical magazine. Volume 4, Number 1. Boston, 1916. Pages 31/32.

Boston Selectmen's Minutes. April 7, 1763. Henry Webber, Richard Wells, Henry Wareford, John Eles, & Thomas Thistle, were inhabitants of Newfoundland. Whom were forced to flee with their wives and families on the arrival of a French Fleet at St. John's. They arrived in this Province last Fall and have lived here ever since. Desires to return to Newfoundland but are not able to pay for their passage thither. Their signatures attached. Council ordered that the Commissary General provide a passage to Newfoundland of those likely to become a charge on the Province.

On Oct 25, 1762, a "Memo of the Family's now in this Town who came from ye Land[Newfoundland], with their Circumstances as taken from George Morley, the 22nd of this instant October." The list is headed by George Morley, his wife and five children, "not able to pay their passages to the Land." Nineteen families in all, comprising 93 "souls".

*Otherwise sourced Boston Selectmen's Minutes provides a listing. ( Apparently St. John's folk. )

George Morley, wife, 5 children. Henry Radford, wife, 6 children. Walter Degrave & sister. Morgan Murphey, wife, 3 children. James Winter, wife, father, mother, 1 child. John Marshall, father, mother, 2 children. James Clark, wife, 8 children. Joseph Pottle, wife, 7 children. Mary Greenlace, 4 children. James Howell, wife, 7 children. Mary Worth, 2 children. William Pulling, wife. William Stone, wife, 1 child. Patrick Connell, wife. Edward Freeman, 3 children. Joseph Newell, wife, 1 child. Andrew Murphey, wife. George Wood, wife, 2 children. William Whiting, wife, 4 children.

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*Historical collections of the Essex Institute. vol. 1 (Apr. -Nov. 1859) Published 1859. Page 167.

From 1689 to 1711 Salem merchants suffered severely at the northward, from the French and Indians. In 1697 Salem had lost some 54 out of its 60 fishing ketches, and as the fishing business was the staple interest, the town became so poor, with continued losses up to 1711, that it could not repair its fortifications as ordered by the Governor that year. Its fishing ketches were captured by French fleets in the Bays of Newfoundland, off the coasts of Acadia, and near Cape Sable. Philip English was engaged in this business, and sent out his ketches, and suffered, doubtless, in common with his neighbours.

Page 175. In 1733, John Webber was master of a fishing voyage for Philip English.

*From 1750 the Webber family of Boston, had tried to advance their business at Harbour Grace.

Feb 26, 1738. Voted also, that the Charge in said Account for Thomas Hudson, being a stranger from Newfoundland and Poor, is according to Law a province Charge, and that the Draft on the Town Treasurer be made accordingly.

*A report of the Record Commissioners of the City of Boston: containing the Selectmen's minutes from 1754 through 1763. Boston, 1887.

Page 210. Captain Horne carried William Pulling to Boston. Matthew Grumtado, & William Human. Joseph Pottel a boatbuilder, but kept a Public House at St. John's, before leaving for Boston.

Page 236. Dec 1, 1762. Arrived Christopher Edmunds, wife, 2 sons, from Newfoundland. In Captain Archibald Lows, Schooner "Thankful".

*Diary of Samuel Sewall of Boston. September 26, 1685. John Turner arrives from Newfoundland, brings above 20 Passengers, though his vessel so very small. 14 nites Passage.

*A report of the record commissioners of the city of Boston: containing the records of Boston selectmen 1716 to 1736. Boston, 1885. Page 191. Oct 16, 1729. James Pulman Taylor from Newfoundland was admitted an Inhabitant of this Town, and Liberty to open a Shop & Exercise his Calling. He having given Security in 100 Pounds.

Page 13. John Elton & wife, by Captain Arnold. Thomas Veldon & wife, by Captain Dench. Benjamin Loveridge. ( From Newfoundland, warned to depart. )

*There are a few further Newfoundland names, similarly distributed throughout the Boston Selectmen Minutes, over the decades.

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*September 11 & 12, 1775. Hurricane at Newfoundland.

London, Saturday, November 4, 1775.

A letter from Harbour Grace, Newfoundland, dated September 19, 1775, says "on the 12th Current, we had the most terrible gale of wind ever known in these parts. All the vessels in this harbour were driven from their anchors. At Carbonear, the "Jersey" is on shore, and is much damaged; the "Molly", Bertram, is also on shore and found by survey, unfit to be repaired. It is computed that no less than 300 boats have been lost in this Bay by the storm, most of them with their Crews. The news we have heard from different harbours is very alarming; by all accounts they have suffered more than at this place."

*Based on some 300 boats being lost, and considering two or three men to a boat, then maybe 600 to 900 men were lost in Conception Bay, in the 1775 Newfoundland hurricane. Using a conservative ratio of 10 to 1, Servants and bye boat men, to Planters, then maybe 60 to 90 Planters were lost. This being a lower end estimate. With mostly Bye-boat keepers & Servants being lost, this still would have effected much remarriage in Conception Bay. As also in other Newfoundland Bays. Thus from 1775 – 1780, one expects much remarriage of female widows, in Conception Bay. And from late 1775, many male names would disappear from the record.

In 1774 Fiott of the Island of Jersey, Captained a vessel named "Jersey". It appears a different vessel named "Jersey" was lost at Carbonear in 1775. "Out of Poole", Dorset.

Lloyd's List, Jul 28, 1775, edition. Arrived at Newfoundland, from Jersey, the "Willingmind", Fiott.

Lloyd's List, Dec 3, 1776, edition. Arrived at St. Sebastians, from Newfoundland, the "Molly", Bertram. "Out of Jersey.

Lloyd's List, Nov 21, 1775, edition. The "Betty", Captain Thompson, is totally lost in Newfoundland, and all the Crew except two. The ?, Captain Moggridge, is also lost. Eight Ships are lost at Renouse, in Newfoundland, and two at Fermouse. The "Arthur & Betty", Captain Prettyjohn, the "Olive Branch", Captain Goldsmith, and the "Ann", Captain Kennicut, that were on Shore, are got off with some Damage. The St. Francis, Captain Line, is not got off.

The following vessels were forced on Shore and wrecked the 11th & 12th of September, on the North West[North East?] Coast at Newfoundland: The "Molly", Captain Gregory; the "Triton", Captain Cheater; the "Johannes", Captain Poole; the "Josepha", Captain Burcey; the "John & Betty", Captain Barns; and the "Jersey", Captain ?, all of Poole. A Schooner and a Ship, Name unknown, were wrecked at Bonavista. Two Ships put on Shore the 28th of Sept., at Barrow Harbour. Above 100 Fishing Shallops are wrecked, and 500 Men drowned. And it is feared that great Damages have happened on the Coast of Labrador.

British America - Volume 1. John M'Gregor · 1832. Page 198.

*In 1775, all the vessels belonging to Harbour Grace and Carbonier were driven on shore, and one hundred or more boats were impelled into one cove, where they were dashed to pieces against the rocks, and all the crews perished.

*Further reading of the Sep, 1775, hurricane.

https://www.cnrs-scrn.org/northern_mariner/vol06/tnm_6_3_11-23.pdf

*The population of Newfoundland in 1775, was about 12,000.

*According to Palliser, in 1765, there arrived at Newfoundland, 177 British Fishing ships, carrying 2,521 men and 5397 passengers who cured 136,840 quintals of cod, valued at from 10 shillings to 17 shillings per quintal. They made 584 tons of train oil, valued at from 15 to 18 Pounds per ton. 116 British sack ( or trading ) ships, carrying 1252 men, who did not fish, but brought salt, or came in ballast, and purchased their fish. Bye boat men made 85,096 quintals of cod, and 481 tons of train oil. The inhabitants ( 15,484 in number, mostly Roman Catholics, and many of them deserters from ships. ) made 310,576 quintals of cod, and 1,517 tons of oil. 1172 Tierces of salmon were shipped. Worth 40 to 50 shillings each. Furs taken valued 980 Pounds.

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Report on Canadian archives. Public Archives of Canada. Brymner, Douglas, 1823-1902. O'Halloran, George F.

June 21, 1791, the "Friendship", 146 Tons, J. Tunsdell[Trusdale], cleared from the port of Quebec, for Newfoundland. With a Cargo of 350 barrels of flour, 600 bags of bread, 5 bullocks, 300 pine boards for dunnage, and 4 tons of salt.

July 29, 1791, the "Elizabeth", 192 Tons, W. Payne, cleared from the port of Quebec, for St. John's, Newfoundland. With a Cargo of 550 cwt, 2qr, 7 Pounds, of Bread. 225 barrels of flour, 20 sheep, 149 planks, 130 tons of salt, 30 puncheons of foreign gin.

Nov 7, 1791, the "Augustine", 220 Tons, J. Cole, cleared from the port of Quebec, for Newfoundland. With a Cargo of 25 Tons of coal, 1,000 biscuits, and 2000 boards.

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Lloyd's Register, 1791.

"Friendship", Brig, 146 Tons, 12 Men, Captain J. Trousdel, Bristol to Newfoundland. For Mullowny. Built at Newfoundland, 1785. ( Captain W. Taprell crossed out. ?W.? Trousdell. )

"Elizabeth", Snow, 200 Tons, 13 Men, Captain W. Payne, Cork to West Indies. For John Noble. Built at Virginia, 1761.

"Augustus", Snow, 220 Tons, 16 Men, Captain J. S. Cole, London to Newfoundland, For T. Mangles. Built at Ipswich, 1788. ( In 1791, Captain J. Mudge crossed out. In 1792, the "Augustus", London to Quebec. )

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*Walter Mullowney, of Waterford, Ireland. His last Will & Testament, 1781.

In 1788, James Mullowney of Waterford, and John Thomey; owned the 144 Ton Brig. "Friendship".

In 1788, John Thomey and Darbery Hartery were business partners.

William Taprell and J. Trusdale voyaged Bristol - Harbour Grace - market, for James Mullowney.

Lloyd's Register, 1790. "Ann:, Brig, 149 Tons, 10 Men. Bristol to Newfoundland. Captain W. Marshall for J. Cave/James Mullowney. Built at Boston, 1781. Owner John Clements crossed out. [ Bristol to Harbour Grace. ]

*1765. John Mullowney was made agent at Harbour Grace. For John & Benjamin Lowell/Lowle & Co. of Bristol.

*Google Books: An Authentic and Impartial Account, of the Case and ... 1784. This book reveals legal and business relations between folk like James Mullowney, John Noble, Jacob Player, Paul Farr, Isaac Hobhouse, William Brown, etc.; of Bristol.

*Conception Bay merchant/captain John Davis - Bristol merchant Richard Farr association, during early 1700's.

Elizabeth Payne married Thomas Farr on May 29, 1735, at St. Nicholas, Bristol.

Sarah Payne married Robert Smith on September 23, 1738, at St. Nicholas, Bristol.

*PCC affidavits for the widow Pynn, 1752: Robert Smith & Michael Stretch.

*The Society of Friends, Farr family, of St. Nicholas, Bristol.

*The Henry Payne/Pyne family, had plural stats at St. Nicholas, Bristol. It could possibly be the seat of the Pynn family, pre Newfoundland presence.

The Newfoundland merchants knew each other well, in their English, British, Irish, & Channel Island, hometowns. We could include in the lines above here: James Bombanous, Conway Heighington, James Cawley, John Clements. William Danson, etc. If stat details were compiled.

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Lloyd's List. Mar 18, 1791, edition. Arrived at Waterford, from Bristol, the vessel "Friendship, Captain Trowsdale.

Lloyd's List. Jul 5, 1791, edition. Arrived at Newfoundland, from Bristol, the vessel "Friendship", Captain Trowsdale. ( With a cargo of Bristol, Waterford, & Quebec supplies. For Harbour Grace? )

Lloyd's List. Sep 2, 1791, edition. Arrived at Quebec, from Bristol, the vessel "Elizabeth", Captain Payne. ( Left Quebec for Newfoundland, July 29. Lloyd's List delayed reporting. The lists made at London. )

Lloyd's List. Oct 26, 1792, edition. Arrived at Newfoundland, from Bristol, the vessel "Elizabeth", Captain Payne. ( With a cargo of Bristol & Quebec supplies. Lloyd's List delayed reporting. The lists made at London. )

Lloyd's List. Jan 1, 1793, edition. Arrived at Leghorn, from Labrador, the vessel "Elizabeth". Captain Payne.

Lloyd's List. May 27, 1791, edition. Arrived at Standgate Creek, the vessel "Augustus", Captain Mudge.

Lloyd's List. Aug 23, 1791, edition. August 21. Sailed from Gravesend for Quebec, the vessel "Augustus, Captain Cole.

Lloyd's List. Aug 26, 1791, edition. Remained at the Downs, for Quebec, the vessel "Augustus, Captain Cole. Sailed on August 29th, per the next edition.

Lloyd's List. Oct 18, 1791, edition. Sep 25th, the "Augustus", Captain Cole, off Cape Race, Newfoundland. For Quebec.

Lloyd's List. Nov 23, 1791, edition. Arrived at Quebec, from London, the vessel "Augustus", Captain Cole. ( Had cleared Quebec on Nov 7th, for Newfoundland. Lloyd's List delayed reporting. The lists made at London. )

Lloyd's List. Dec 30, 1791, edition. Arrived at Newfoundland, from Quebec, the vessel "Augustus", Captain Cole. ( With a cargo of London & Quebec supplies. Lloyd's List delayed reporting. The lists made at London. )

Lloyd's List. Apr 17, 1792, edition. Arrived at Naples, from Cadiz, the vessel "Augustus", Captain Cole.

Lloyd's List. Aug 21, 1792, edition. Arrived at Barcelona, from Toulon, the vessel "Augustus", Captain Cole.

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Historical Manuscripts Commission. Eleventh Report, Appendix, Part III. London, 1877.

Page 25. Manuscripts of the Town of Southampton. September 13, 1629.

*Relation of Steven Day of St. Katherine's near London, "Mariner-gunner of a ship called the St. Claude, whereof Captain Leonard Calvert, son of the Lord Baltimore was captain, in a voyage to Newfoundland, set forth about April last past, being one of His Majesty's ships, lent to carry provision thither for the Lord Baltimore."

*With several other depositions touching the same ship and voyage.

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The English Atlantic in an Age of Revolution, 1640-1661. Carla Gardina Pestana · 2009.

Page 20. Generally, the free settlers were people of more modest means, who sold all they had in order to finance their removal to a colony. Other migrants who were unable to pay their passage signed indentures to serve for a set number of years ( usually four to seven ) in exchange for their transportation. These individuals were at best landless labourers who took ship across the Atlantic after migrating within England in search of work. Some servants did not freely sign indenture contracts but were sent to labor in the plantations because their homelessness or petty crimes had brought them to the attention of the authorities.

Page 29. Newfoundland was said to harbour numerous "notorious malignants”, a phrase commonly used to describe royalists.

Page 103. Although Newfoundland was not named as a rebellious colony, Kirke was arrested and brought to trial in England,...

*Parliamentarian rule in England, held to account, the Royalist rulers in the English Colonies. Parliament reduced disaffected (royalist) plantations, using various means, at Bermuda, Newfoundland, etc. In 1651, Parliament sent naval fleets to reduce the Carribean Island colonies, and Virginia. ( ?Bristol’s Hope? )

Page 117. The Commonwealth, having previously arrested proprietor Kirke, in June 1652 commissioned four men to take care over the government and to render it[Newfoundland] loyal to England.

*Calvert had brought a suit in the Court of Admiralty, to reclaim his father's Newfoundland plantation. Both Calvert and Kirke had agreed by stipulation that the Commissioners should take witness depositions in Newfoundland, in support of their respective claims.

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ADM 7/630. Oct 9, 1663. Mediterranean Pass. "Providence" of Dartmouth. 120 Tons. Captain Anthony Street.

1679. CO 1/44. Anthony Street, Captain of the "Loyal Charles', Dartmouth to Bay Roberts, 200 Quintals to Kales. ( Oporto? ) ( Calais? ) ( Loyal Charles?, or Royal Charles? Deeper research required! )

*In 1681, Anthony Street of Dartmouth, at Port de Grave, in the ship "Royal Charles".

*( Did he transport a 21 year old boat-keeper passenger, named Nicholas Daw? )

1686. Dartmouth Port books. Anthony Street, Captain of the "Providence", 130? Tons, Dartmouth from Malaga with 50 cwt of raisins. ( Traded dried Cod for raisins? )

The Complete Book of Emigrants, 1661-1699. Peter Wilson Coldham. Genealogical Publishing Company Inc., Baltimore. 1990.

Sep 22, 1666. Shipper by the "Providence" of Dartmouth, Anthony Street bound from Dartmouth for Virginia: Benjamin Rooke & Co. ( PRO: E 190/954/10 )

Nov 8, 1690. Shipper by the "Providence" of Dartmouth, Robert Street bound from Dartmouth for Virginia: Anthony Street. ( PRO: E 190/966/11 )

1690/1691. Mr. Anthony Street buried at St. Saviours, Dartmouth.

1690. Robert Street, Captain of the "Providence", 120/5 Dartmouth to the Plantation.

1699/1700. Robert Street buried at St. Saviours, Dartmouth.

*The National Archives.

THE PORT OF EXETER AND DARTMOUTH. Port: DARTMOUTH Official: Searcher Overseas.

Reference: E 190/965/15. Note: 38 folios. Date: Xmas 1687 - Xmas 1688.

John Dawe wed Tolzey Harrydon, Oct, 3, 1654, at St. Petrox, Dartmouth. ( Per the Bishop's Transcripts. )

- Wed by Mr. Lawrence Wheeler, Mayor of Dartmouth. A civil marriage under Cromwell, when marriage was performed by mayors and justices.

Mayor Lawrence Wheeler and John Lovering were well positioned Dartmouth businessmen in the fish markets in Spain, etc. They contracted vessels for ladings at Newfoundland, for Spanish buyers. Anthony Street was a Dartmouth Mariner, within this market/monopoly town system. The Street family had intermarried the Wheeler family. The “establishment”. Benjamin Rook & Co., etc. The Street family more likely captained Sack ships. The Mayor procured ship Passes from the Admiralty. Primarily for sacking vessels, “strictly” considering the Newfoundland Fishery. ( As opposed to consideration for Trade in other commodities. ) The number of Passes provided by the Admiralty were limited for good reason. Fewer fishing vessels would have received Mediterranean Passes. Sack ships lay at the apex of the market/monopoly town’s “establishment’s efforts”. By lading and carrying dried Cod to market in the Mediterranean, to the great benefit of the Mayor and burgesses of Dartmouth. If no fish reached market, the livelihood efforts of the Mayor and burgesses, respecting the Newfoundland Fishery, would be futile. Sack vessels required inhabitant fishermen, more so than fishing vessels without any Pass. Fishing vessels could catch fish with their transatlantic crews, and sell to the sack vessel in Newfoundland. Or sell their fish at Dartmouth. To be reloaded into sack vessels for market.

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Ledger of Thomas Speed, of Bristol, 1681-1690.

Page 7. Adventure in the "Zant", 1682. 25 Pounds, 3 Shillings.

Page 24. Voyage in the "Zant" to Newfoundland, 1682. 52 Pounds, 5 Shillings, 7 Pence.

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*A history of Southampton: Partly from the MS. of Dr. Speed, in the Southampton archives. By the Rev. J. Silvester Davies. 1883. Page 261.

A.D. 1636. An additional duty was laid upon bay-salt, and this town petitioned to be exempted from it because most of the shipping belonging to the town was employed in the Newfoundland fishery; and they were exempted in consequence of a certificate from the customers that the town was in the division of the western ports which were to be excused.

*The claims of the Kirkes to Newfoundland under the patent of 1637, was superseded by Cromwell, when he appointed Commissioners to take charge of the fishing settlements. The era of proprietary colonies gave way to Commissioners/Naval Commissioners/Commodores.

In 1673 Parliament imposed plantation duties and specifically entrusted their management and collection to the Commissioners of Customs. It thus became the statutory duty of this board to appoint customs officials in all the colonies. In the fall of 1673 (a), and in 1674, the Commissioners appointed collectors in the all the American Colonies, except New England. In 1678, Edward Randolph was chosen collector for New England. No provision was made for the rudimentary settlements in the Bahamas; nor at Newfoundland, which was not considered a colony.

*(a) - Calendar of Treasury Books, 1672-1675. Pages 424, 427. Proceedings and Debates of the British Parliaments respecting North America. Volume II. 1689-1702. Washington, D. C. 1927. Page 36.

Dec 3, 1690. Parliament House Committee. An embargo order upon all ships, ( except such ships as shall carry ammunitions and provisions only to the [American] plantations, the complement of men in such ships not to exceed five hundred English men in total ); that there may not be wanting a sufficient number of able seamen for the next year's fleet.

His majesty had permitted only 29 men to go to Newfoundland, in the "March 1690/91 departing" ships. *This representing possibly only one, two, or three, vessels?

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Historical Collections of the Essex Institute - Volume 41. 1905. Pages 185 - 189.

Essex County Notarial Records, 1697-1768.

St. John's, October 6, 1696. Forty days sight draft of Thomas Edwards on Thomas Clarke, merchant, London, to Samuel Ingersoll [of Salem], 70 Pounds sterling. Endorsed to John Ive, merchant in London, on account of Samuel Browne & Co. Salem, Nov 14, 1696.

St. John's, October 7, 1696. Forty days sight draft of Stephen Tinker ( Tucker? ) on Madam Mary Pyne Junior, in Exon, to John Allward, 10 Pounds sterling. Endorsed to Samuel Ingersoll [of Salem] and by him to John Ive, merchant, London. Salem, Nov 14, 1696.

St. John's, October 17, 1695. Thirty days sight draft of Peter Hall on Thomas Bishop at Winkton near Christchurch in Hampshire, to John Higginson Junior, for 24 Pounds sterling. Endorsed to Edward Hull of London, by John Higginson Junior. Salem, May 6, 1696. *Protest by Edward Hull of London, merchant, that he could not obtain payment on the above draft for the reason that Thomas Bishop was in Newfoundland as appeared by a letter received from his wife Charity Bishop.

*( A John Higginson was the Town Clerk of Salem, 1698. )

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Reports from committees of the House of Commons, which have been printed by order of the House,

and are not inserted in the Journals Reprinted by order of the House v.10. Published: 1806. Author: Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Page 455.

Extract from Governor Edward's letter to Charles Garland, Esquire, Justice of the Peace at Harbour Grace, dated St. John's 13th September, 1757.

"This day was presented to me the balance of an Account of 8 Pounds, 6 Shillings, and 1 Pence, ( due to Thomas Gillard from Joseph Pynn ) for last year; wherein is noted that you had given orders to deduct from servants on account of the bad voyages, 25 per cent on their wages. I am astonished to think that a Magistrate, whose place it is to adjust all differences, and prevent illegal practices of any kind whatsoever, should be guilty of directing an action of this nature, and I desire to know how you can justify the detaining any sum from the wages promised to servants for their labour, even ascertaining the voyage to be unsuccessful."

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The Maritime Provinces of British North America and the American Revolution. Wilfred Brenton Kerr, 1941. Page 120. In 1779, Governor Edwards laid down a tariff for common foodstuffs in Conception Bay, and ordered a Census for the purpose of rationing.

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1805 Plantation Book.

Delayney's Room in Northern Bay was sold to William Lilly Esq., for 53 Pounds, 8 Shillings, & 10 Pence, in 1786.

Anthony, John & Thomas Wey, claim the Room, that is occupied by George Moores & John Bucklar.

Anthony, Thomas, and John Way. Land at Northern Bay. 1802. From their Uncle william.

*Anthony Way(e) of Wolborough, Devon.

1762. James Winter partner with John Way of Ochre Pit Cove.

PCC Will of John Way, Mariner of Newton Abbot , Devon. Probated on Nov 16, 1784. ( Wolborough - Woolborough? )

- Mentions his St. John's plantation.

*A John Way shows in the Land Tax records for Woolborough. Late 1700's.

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Preliminary [and final] report[s] of the commissioners, minutes of evidence, and appendix [etc.] Final report v. 2 1874. Published, 1874. Author: Great Britain. Royal Commission on Unseaworthy Ships.

# 9. Dec 12, 1867. "Queen" registered at Swansea, Brigantine, 213 tons, St. John's - Green Bay. * crew, 7 passengers. In ballast. Wrecked near Cape John. [ "Queen", of Swansea. ]

Page 482. 1871.

# 31. "Velocipede", registered at St. John's. Schooner, 48 Tons/7 Men. Salt, nuts, etc. St. John's - Bonne Bay.

# 42. "Excel", registered at Poole. Schooner, 110 Tons/7 Men. 15 years old. Fish, Twillingate to Poole.

*Other lost/wrecked Newfoundland vessels, detailed on this page.

Page 569.

March 22, 1852. The "Young Captain", Schooner, 86 Tons. Built at Poole in 1815. Voyage Lisbon to Poole. Stranded on the Coast of Brittany. 7 Crew. Owned by: William Cox & Co.

*Sealers lost in Newfoundland, on April 13, 1852. Out of:

-# 1537. Brigus. "Alert"

# 1538. Brigus. "Aid"

# 1540. Tilton Harbour. "Active"

# 1541. Carbonear. "Britannia"

# 1542. Harbour Grace. "Brothers"

# 1544. St. John's. "Christians"

# 1545. Carbonear. "Cornelia"

# 1546. New Perlican. "Charles"

# 1547. Harbour Grace. "Carolida"

# 1548. Catalina. "Dorothy"

# 1549. Mosquito. "Daniel O'Connell"

# 1551. St. John's. "Elizabeth"

# 1552. Catalina. "Experiment"

# 1553. Carbonear. "Fortitude"

# 1554. Brigus. "Five Brothers"

# 1555. St. John's. "Gem"

# 1556. Harbour Grace. "Harriett"

# 1557. Placentia. "Henrietta"

# 1558. Spaniard's Bay. "Harriett"

# 1559. Carbonear. "Jessie Louisa"

# 1560. Bareneed. "Jane & Elizabeth"

# 1561. St. John's. "Lovely Mary", Brig, 135 Tons. Built at P.E.I. in 1845.

# 1562. Carbonear. "Lady of the Lake"

# 1563. Carbonear. "Lavinia"

# 1564. Catalina. "Lucy"

# 1565. Harbour Grace. "Liberator"

# 1566. Bareneed. "Lady Ann"

# 1570. St. John's. "Ajax"

# 1573. Carbonear. "Philanthropy"

# 1574. Greenspond. "Powells"

# 1575. Brigus. "Racer"

# 1576. King's Cove. "Rebecca"

# 1577. Tilton Harbour. "Return"

# 1578. Carbonear. "Sally"

# 1579. Brigus. "Swift"

# 1580. Tilton Harbour. "Triumph"

# 1581. St. John's. "Vesta", Barque, 114 Tons. Built at P.E.I. in 1849.

# 1582. Catalina. "Victory", Barque, 415 Tons. Built at Whitby in 1814.

May 10, 1852. Out of:

# 1609. Carbonear. "Rosalie", Brig, 222 Tons. Built at Dartmouth in 1838.

May 11, 1852. Out of:

# 1610. Carbonear. "Helen"

# 1611. Carbonear. "Harp"

# 1612. Carbonear. "Mary"

# 1613. Carbonear. "Placid"

# 1614. Brigus. "Speedwell"

Page 773, 1871 Wrecks.

# 1349. May 4, 1871. “W. Greenough”. # 43,077. Brigantine. 252 Tons. Built in 1863, at Glasgow, N. E. Wooden. Voyage from New Bay Head Harbour to the Seal Fishery. Cargo, Stores etc. Sunk. Notre Dame Bay. Owner: Edmund Moors.

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The Mercantile Navy list. 1881.

Official # 82117. "Lily of the West", registered at St. John's. Schooner. Built in the Green Bay in 1880. 50 Tons. Owner: Edmund Moors, Green Bay, Newfoundland.

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The Trawler by James B. Connolly. Published 1914. Connolly, James Brendan, 1868-1957. Pages 3/4/5.

To John Snow's home in Gloucester... ... what a black night it was, with a high - running sea and wind to blow the last coat o'paint off the vessel, but o'course he had to be the first o'the fleet - nothing less would do him — to make the market with his big ketch. It was for others, not for him, to show the way to take in sail, ... ... he allowed no man ever he crossed tacks with, to work to wind'ard of him. He's that vain he'd drive vessel, himself, and all hands to the bottom afore he'd let some folks think anything else of him... "He lost my boy — we'll say no more of him", said John Snow.

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Mr. Nathaniel Knight, Mercer, of the Town, and County of Southampton, did on the 14th day of December, 1713, make Oath before me Ralph Bridoake; that Thomas Snow, Mariner, deceased, made no Will so far as he knew or believed. And that being principal Creditor to the said Thomas Snow, he would well and duly administrate all his Goods, and Chattels. And pass a Just Account of his Administrator- ship, when he shall thereunto be lawfully required. Witness my hand, R. Bridoake, Surrogate.

The 14th day of December, 1713, all & singular the Goods, Chattels, and Credits, of Thomas Snow of the Isle of Jersey, in the County of Southampton, was granted to his principal creditor Mr. Nathaniel Knight, by me, R. Bridoake.